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Politik, religiøst, socialt og møntenhed |
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Rie Jensen |
30-03-2004 09:10
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Jeg har brug for nogle indformationer, for disse emner, er der nogen der kan hjælpe mig?
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- Re: Politik, religiøst, socialt og møntenhed (Pedro, 08-05-2004 19:55)
Hej Rie
Der findes ikke meget på dansk - men herunder er der en del på engelsk om Portugal generelt, med passager om Azorerne. Håber du kan bruge noget af det, eller kan komme videre via noget af det.
God fornøjelse.
FØLGENDE LINK BRINGER DIG TIL EN DEL MATERIALE OM AZORERNE:
http://home1.stofanet.dk/mirapico/
http://www.mirapico.dk/
FØLGENDE ER HENTET HOS UDENRIGSMINISTERIET HAR EN KORT BESKRIVELSE AF MANGE LANDE:
http://www.um.dk/aspfiles/Lande_fakta.asp?land=163
PORTUGAL
Opdateret: 18. december 2003
Sprog: Portugisisk
Hovedstad: Lissabon (2.500.000 indb.)
Religion: Romersk katolsk (ca. 95% af befolkningen)
Valuta: Euro
Areal: 92.000 km2 (heraf udgør øgrupperne Madeira og Azorerne 3.000 km2) Indbyggerantal: 10,3 mio. (2002)
BNP pr. indbygger: 12.600 euro (2002 est.)
Vækst i BNP: 0,4% (2002) Statsoverhoved: Præsident Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio
Regeringsleder: Premierminister José Manuel Durao Barroso
Indenrigspolitiske situation:
Portugal er en republik med en parlamentarisk demokratisk styreform.
Parlamentet har ét kammer med 230 medlemmer, der vælges for fire år.
Ved valget i marts 2002 opnåede PSD (borgerligt parti) 105 af pladserne i Parlamentet og dannede en flertalskoalitionsregering med PP (Folkepartiet) under ledelse af premierminister Durão Barroso. Koalitionen har i alt 119 pladser i Parlamentet.
Det største oppositionsparti PS (socialdemokratisk) råder over 96 pladser i Parlamentet. Desuden består oppositionen af et antal partier på venstrefløjen, hvoraf det største er Kommunistpartiet.
Økonomisk situation:
Portugal havde i 1990’erne en årlig økonomisk realvækst på omkring
3,5% i gennemsnit. Vækstniveauet er imidlertid faldet, og 2003 forventes at udvise en negativ vækst på omkring 1%. I 2004 ventes den positive vækst at vende tilbage. De seneste års økonomiske vanskeligheder betyder, at Portugal ved udgangen af 2003 må ventes at have byttet plads med Grækenland og vil være EU-15s fattigste land med et velstandsniveau på omkring 67% af EU-gennemsnittet (købekraftskorrigeret). Inflationen forventes at ville være omkring 3,4% i 2003.
Regeringen prioriterer en nedbringelse af det offentliges budgetunderskud højt og fører en stram finanspolitik. Man søger samtidig at gennemføre strukturelle reformer på bl.a. arbejdsmarkedsområdet, i sundhedsvæsenet og i uddannelsessystemet.
Danmarks samhandel med Portugal er relativt beskeden. Der er regelmæssigt et dansk underskud i samhandelen, men i 2002 balancerede handlen med omkring DKK 2,3 mia. i såvel eksport som import. Den danske eksport spænder over et bredt felt af varer.
Udenrigspolitiske situation:
Portugal er medlem af EU, og EU-samarbejdet er det centrale element i
portugisisk udenrigspolitik. Portugal er herudover medlem af FN, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Europarådet og forskellige andre internationale organisationer.
Portugal giver høj prioritet til et nært samarbejde med de portugisisktalende lande i Afrika, med Brasilien og Østtimor. USA, Spanien og Marokko ses som centrale strategiske partnere.
FØLGENDE ER HENTET HOS BBCSOM HAR EN LET TILGÆNGELIG BASE MED "LANDEPROFILER":
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/994099.stm
Country profile: Portugal
Portugal, a country with a rich history of seafaring and discovery, looks out from the Iberian peninsula into the Atlantic Ocean.
When it handed over its last overseas territory, Macau, to Chinese adminstration in 1999, it brought to an end a long and sometimes turbulent era as a colonial power
The roots of that era stretch back to the 15th century when Portuguese explorers such as Vasco da Gama put to sea in search of a passage to India. By the 16th century these sailors had helped build a huge empire embracing Brazil as well as swathes of Africa and Asia. There are still some 200 million Portuguese speakers around the world today.
Portugal's history has had a lasting impact on the culture of the country with Moorish and Oriental influences in architecture and the arts. Traditional folk dance and music, particularly the melancholy fado, remain vibrant.
For almost half of the 20th century Portugal was a dictatorship in which for decades Antonio de Oliveira Salazar was the key figure. The dictatorship's stubborn refusal to relinquish its grip on the former colonies as demands for independence gained momentum there resulted in expensive wars in Africa.
This period was brought to an end in 1974 in a bloodless coup, picturesquely known as the Revolution of the Carnations. By the end of 1975 all of Portugal's African colonies were independent of Lisbon.
Population: 10 million (UN, 2003) Capital: Lisbon Major language: Portuguese Major religion: Christianity Life expectancy: 73 years (men), 80 years (women) (UN) 1 Euro = 100 cents Main exports: Textiles and clothing, wood products, electrical equipment GNI per capita: US $10,720 (World Bank, 2002) Internet domain: .pt International dialling code: +351
President: Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio
Prime minister: Jose Manuel Durao Barroso
Jose Manuel Durao Barroso of the centre-right Social Democratic Party took office in April 2002 at the age of 46 after forging a centre-right alliance with the right-wing Popular Party.
The resignation the previous December of Socialist prime minister Antonio Guterres had set the scene for early general elections.
Mr Barroso has pledged to seek to comply with the terms of the European growth and stability pact. Unflinching in the face of recession and public protest, he has pressed ahead with a programme of economic austerity measures designed to cut the budget deficit.
He has pledged to reduce the size of the country's bureaucracy and his government has introduced legislation to reform pensions, health and education.
In 1987, he became secretary of state for foreign affairs and oversaw talks which led to the 1991 peace accords between the Angolan government and Unita rebels. In 1992, he became foreign minister.
Mr Durao Barroso is married and has three children.
Portugal's commercial TV stations command a lion's share of the viewing audience, and provide tough competition for the cash-strapped public broadcaster.
Public TV services are operated by RTP, which enjoyed a monopoly on the airwaves until the launch of commercial channel SIC in 1992.
The future of public broadcasting has generated heated political debate. The second public TV channel and a public radio network survived closure threats in 2002.
Multichannel TV - via cable and satellite - reaches more than two million homes and offers a wide range of domestic and foreign channels.
Public radio networks are operated by RDP. The Roman Catholic Church owns the widely-listened-to Radio Renascenca. There are some 300 local and regional commercial radio stations.
The press
Diario de Noticias - daily Publico - daily Correio da Manha - daily Jornal de Noticias - daily Expresso - weekly The Portugal News - English-language weekly
Television
RTP - public, operates two domestic channels and external services RTP Africa and RTP Internacional SIC - commercial TVI - commercial TV Cabo - main pay-TV operator
Radio
RDP - public, operates three national networks, regional and external services Radio Comercial - national, commercial TSF - national, commercial Radio Clube Portugues - commercial network Radio Renascenca - church-run
News agency
Lusa News Agency
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/994099.stm
Published: 2004/05/05 14:20:09 GMT
© BBC MMIV
FØLGENDE ER HENTET HOS CIA I USA SOM HAR EN FYLDIG "FAKTABOG":
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/po.html
Country List World Factbook Home
The World Factbook
Portugal
Introduction Portugal
Background: Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Geography Portugal
Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Geographic coordinates: 39 30 N, 8 00 W
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 92,391 sq km
land: 91,951 sq km
note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
water: 440 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries: total: 1,214 km
border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Coastline: 1,793 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain: mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydropower
Land use: arable land: 20.57%
permanent crops: 7.74%
other: 71.69% (1999 est.)
Irrigated land: 6,320 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Environment - current issues: soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
Geography - note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
People Portugal
Population: 10,102,022 (July 2003 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.8% (male 874,198; female 825,742)
15-64 years: 67.2% (male 3,326,957; female 3,461,425)
65 years and over: 16% (male 651,697; female 962,003) (2003 est.)
Median age: total: 37.6 years
male: 35.8 years
female: 39.3 years (2002)
Population growth rate: 0.17% (2003 est.)
Birth rate: 11.45 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate: 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.35 years
male: 72.86 years
female: 80.07 years (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 27,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 1,000 (2001 est.)
Nationality: noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese
Ethnic groups: homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Religions: Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.3%
male: 95.5%
female: 91.3% (2003 est.)
Government Portugal
Country name: conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form: Portugal
local long form: Republica Portuguesa
local short form: Portugal
Government type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Lisbon
Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Independence: 1143 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
National holiday: Portugal Day, 10 June (1580)
Constitution: 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997
Legal system: civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)
note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president
head of government: Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO (since 6 April 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 17 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - PSD 40.1%, PS 37.8%, PP 8.7%, PCP/PEV 6.9%, The Left Bloc 2.7%; seats by party - PSD 105, PS 96, PP 14, PCP/PEV 12, The Left Bloc 3
Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Political parties and leaders: The Greens or PEV [no leader]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/The Greens or PCP/PEV [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Eduardo Ferro RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO]; United Democratic Coalition or CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; The Left Bloc [no leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders: NA
International organization participation: AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO
consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco
FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726
telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610
chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador John N. PALMER
embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon
mailing address: PSC 83, APO AE 09726
telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300
FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109
consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag description: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
Economy Portugal
Economy - overview: Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-03. GDP per capita stands at 70% of that of the leading EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $195.2 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 0.4% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.6%
industry: 28.7%
services: 67.7% (2001)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 35.6 (1994-95)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (2002 est.)
Labor force: 5.1 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation: services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate: 4.7% (2002 est.)
Budget: revenues: $45 billion
expenditures: $48 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Industrial production growth rate: 1.5% (2002 est.)
Electricity - production: 44.32 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 64.5%
hydro: 31.3%
other: 4.1% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption: 41.48 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports: 3.479 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports: 3.743 billion kWh (2001)
Oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption: 339,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports: 28,830 bbl/day (2001)
Oil - imports: 357,300 bbl/day (2001)
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 2.542 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 2.553 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products: grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products
Exports: $25.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities: clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
Exports - partners: Spain 20.3%, Germany 18.4%, France 12.6%, UK 10.5%, US 5.8%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.5% (2002)
Imports: $39 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products
Imports - partners: Spain 28.1%, Germany 15%, France 10.2%, Italy 6.5%, UK 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2002)
Debt - external: $13.1 billion (1997 est.)
Economic aid - donor: ODA, $271 million (1995)
Currency: euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Currency code: EUR
Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications Portugal
Telephones - main lines in use: 5.3 million (yearend 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 3,074,194 (1999)
Telephone system: general assessment: undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%
domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations
international: 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Radio broadcast stations: AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios: 3.02 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 62 (plus 166 repeaters)
note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
Televisions: 3.31 million (1997)
Internet country code: .pt
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 16 (2000)
Internet users: 4.4 million (2002)
Transportation Portugal
Railways: total: 2,850 km
broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Highways: total: 68,732 km
paved: 59,110 km (including 1441 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,622 km (2000)
Waterways: 820 km
note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
Pipelines: gas 482 km (2003)
Ports and harbors: Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
Merchant marine: total: 132 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 993,325 GRT/1,533,255 DWT
ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 62, chemical tanker 18, container 7, liquefied gas 8, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 3, vehicle carrier 2
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, British Virgin Islands 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 6, Germany 20, Greece 1, Iceland 1, Italy 16, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 2, Norway 5, Panama 5, Spain 22, Switzerland 8, UK 1, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)
Airports: 66 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 40
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 7 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 25 (2002)
Military Portugal
Military branches: Army, Navy (PON) (includes Marines), Air Force, Republican Guard (includes Fiscal Guard)
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,520,852 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 2,017,678 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 67,816 (2003 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.286 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.2% (FY99/00)
Transnational Issues Portugal
Disputes - international: Portugal has periodically reasserted claims to territories around the town of Olivenza, Spain
Illicit drugs: gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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